Rio Tinto Investment Opportunity In Afghanistan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2171 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited (collectively known as Rio Tinto), operating as a single business organization, is engaged in international mining group which encompasses exploring for, mining, and processing the earths mineral resources. The group offers products which include aluminum, copper, diamonds, energy products (coal and uranium), gold, industrial minerals (borax, titanium dioxide, salt, and talc), and iron ore. The group has global operations with significant businesses in Australia, North America, South America, Asia, Europe, and South Africa. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rio Tinto Investment Opportunity In Afghanistan" essay for you Create order Rio Tinto operates through six business groups: aluminum; copper; diamonds and minerals; energy; iron ore; and other operations. The company recorded revenues of $41,825 million during the financial year ended December 2009 (FY2009), a decrease of 22.9% compared with FY2008. The operating profit of the company was $5,920 million during FY2009, a decrease of 20.8% compared with FY2008. The net profit was $4,872 million in FY2009, an increase of 32.5% over FY2008. Though it is said to be successful in most of the parts of world, it required a big change in the cultural environment and strategic approach. Several questions bothered the Rio Tinto such as: Whether the company should look at opportunity in Afghanistan ? Would exploration of copper in china beneficial with chinalcos strategic partnership? as a consultant out of U21G I have been assigned with the task of working out the strategic approaches of Rio Tinto weather to enter in to Afghanistan with challenges or enter in China with JV of Chinalco. Key Drivers Challenges for foreign investment in extractive industries Mineral endowments provide opportunities for economic development and poverty alleviation in the counties where they are located. Supply of minerals is essential for economic development; no modern economy can function without adequate, affordable and secure access to these raw materials. The cost of exploiting new mineral deposits are likely to rise, which might keep prices at relatively high levels in the coming years The high prices have spurred an investment boom in mineral exploration and extraction. Challenges Global mineral markets are characterized by an uneven geographical distribution of reserves, production and consumption. Developing and transition economies are among main producers and net exporters of various minerals, these imbalances can create concerns among importing countries over the security of supply, and concerns among exporting countries over market access. Extractive activities, regardless of who undertakes them, involve environmental c osts. The quality of government policies and institutions is a determining factor for ensuring sustainable development gains from resource extraction. Source : UNCTAD The evolution of policy approaches towards foreign investment Technological, Research Development trends in extractive industries Technology Seismic prospecting and remote-sensing satellites are the new technologies to search for the potential minerals. New technology such as nanotechnology is introduced to detect gases. Research Mining equipment and its automation. Material man transport related research. Mine Design , speacially focusing deep , high-wall and long-wall mines Methods on Innovative mining. Development Mine heating and cooling ventilation. Fire suppression and prevention. Machine Safety and Ergonomics. Emission monitoring and control on diesel engines. Research Policies Regulatory frameworks in Afghanistan. 1. According to the Afghan constitution, article nine, the government of Afghanistan owns mines and other natural resources. 2 Ministry of Mines as a key sectoral ministry is currently Involved in the research, exploration, development, exploitation, and processing of minerals and hydrocarbons, 3 Ministry is also responsible for protection of ownership, transportation and marketing of those resources in accordance to the countries new Laws (Minerals and Hydrocarbons). 4 The long term vision of the Ministry is the creation of an effective administration, utilization of natural resources, creation of jobs, the encouragement of private investment in the mining and hydrocarbon sectors, and increasing government revenue. 5 Holders of Mineral Rights have rights to foreign exchange and international banking provisions, provided that they have paid all applicable taxes, duties and other charges. 6 State guarantees provide for companies to organize their operations as they se e fit, and to have access to raw materials, markets for goods and services, and sale of products 7 The Ministry of Mines provides assurances of protection against financial consequences of legislation which becomes effective after issuance of the Mineral Right. 8 The Ministry of Mines will adhere to standards regarding transparency within the extractive industries. Analysis based on OLI Framework. OLI analysis for the following challenges in the Afghanistan market Ownership Advantages : Private sector can acquire significant land holdings for exploration and/or exploitation The Ministry of Mines provides assurances of protection against financial consequences of legislation which becomes effective after issuance of the Mineral Right. Location Advantages : There are no location advantages , as currently Afghanistan has very poor infrastructure , which will take at least another 5 years to build , and also there is not sea port to its borders. Crime, theft and disorder, electricity are major issues in the location. International Advantage: As no other international player has entered Afghanistan , there is a good opportunity for long term investment. Afghanistan has enacted a modern secured transactions law which makes it easier for businesses to secure a loan. Key Success Factors. Improve companys position on the global cost curve of aluminium assets. Exploration of copper with a partnership with china. Analysis based on Porters Five Forces. Barriers to entry Afghanistan needs a good infrastructure No Skilled labour government Laws are still not clear and very new. Afghanistan has a major culture barrier Terrorism , crime theft are major issues in country Threat of substitutes Infrastructure has to be build to start the business. Initial business will have great risk Bargaining power of buyers Time to export goods is very high Cost of export is very, as no adequate infrastructure. Bargaining power of suppliers Very few options for suppliers No other MNC has setup business in the country Rivalry among the existing players Alcoa Inc Anglo American plc. Barrick Gold Corporation BHP Billiton Group SWOT Analysis with strategies in China Strengths Extensive global presence : Rio Tinto has a geographically diversified its revenue base. Over a period of time the company has developed diverse revenue streams and is not dependent on any one market. Extensive global presence coupled with geographically diversified revenue base protects the group from fall in demand of any one country or region and reduces its business risk. Extensive business lines : Rio Tinto group is organized into five geographically based teams in North America, South America, Australia, Asia, and Africa/Europe; and a sixth project generation team that searches the world for new opportunities and provides geological, geophysical, and commercial expertise to the regional teams. Rio Tintos extensive business line helps the company in diversifying its business risk. Weaknesses High debt: Rio Tinto has a significant amount of debt. Net debt at the end of FY2009 stood at $18.9 billion. Although the group has reduced its net debt from $38.7 billion in FY2008, it is still substantial. This substantial debt could limit its ability to obtain additional financing to operate its business. Further, it would make it difficult for the group to satisfy its obligations including making interest payments on debt obligations. High debt could also limit Rio Tintos capital expenditure. The group requires substantial capital to invest in greenfield and brownfield projects, and to extend the life and capacity of its existing operations ,high debt, the group could be forced to reduce its capital expenditure further, which may negatively impact the timing of its growth and future prospects. Pension obligations: Certain of Rio Tintos businesses sponsor defined benefit pension plans. As at 31 December 2009, the group had estimated pension liabilities of $16.2 billion and assets of $12.4 billion. After excluding those pension arrangements deliberately operated as unfunded arrangements, representing liabilities of $1.1 billion, the global funding level for pension liabilities was approximately 82%. If the funding level materially deteriorates further, cash contributions from the group may be needed, pressurizing the liquidity position of Rio Tinto. Opportunities Growth prospect of the Chinese economy: The effect of the Chinese Governments monetary stimulus package recovery has resulted in Chinas gross domestic product (GDP) recording strong growth in the second half of 2009. Actual growth during the period surpassed 8%. The improvements that the company recorded in its financial performance during the second half of FY2009 were primarily driven by this stronger Chinese GDP growth and its attendant effects on Chinese construction and infrastructure development. It is expected that strong growth of the Chinese GDP will continue through 2010 as the country continues to urbanize and industrialize. China is expected to be the key driver for the mining industry in the future, with exponential growth of Chinas demand for iron ore, copper, coal, and aluminum to continue over the next 15 years as the average wealth of many millions of people increases. An important objective of Rio Tinto for FY2010 is to strengthen its relationship with China , the most important destination for the groups products and the largest contributor to its total revenues (China is Rio Tintos largest geographical market, accounting for 24.3% of the total revenues in FY2009). Continued improvement of the Chinese economy provides Rio Tinto with the largest source of short term demand growth. Strategic divestitures to reduce debt: Rio Tinto has made several strategic divestitures. For instance, in February 2009, Rio Tinto completed the sale of its undeveloped potash assets to Vale, the Brazilian mining company, for a cash consideration of $850 million. Additionally, in March 2009, Rio Tinto signed a sale and purchase agreement to sell its Jacobs Ranch coal mine to Arch Coal (a coal producer) for a total cash consideration of $761 million. In September 2009, Rio Tinto completed the sale of its Corumba iron ore mine in Brazil and the associated river logistics operations to Vale for a $750 million. In December 2009, Rio Tinto completed the sale of Alcan Composites, part of the Alcan engineered products division, to Schweiter Technologies for $349 million. Such strategic divestitures made by Rio Tinto could help the group to reduce its substantial debt. Threats Uncertainty regarding commodity prices and global demand: Commodity prices and demand for Rio Tintos products are cyclical and strongly influenced by world economic growth. This is particularly so for the groups key customers, especially in the US and Asia. There is potential volatility in short to medium term commodity prices as various national stimulus packages are reduced. Muted consumer spending may result from concerns over unemployment. The groups normal policy is to sell its products at prevailing market prices and not to enter into price hedging arrangements. The recent improvement in commodity prices and demand for the groups products may not remain as strong, which would have an adverse impact on Rio Tintos revenues, earnings, cash flows, and growth. Regulations:Rio Tinto operates in an industry that is subject to numerous health, safety, and environmental laws, regulations, and standards. The group is subject to extensive governmental regulations in all jurisdictions in which it operates. Operations are subject to general and specific regulations governing mining and processing, land tenure and use, environmental requirements (including site specific environmental licenses, permits, and statutory authorizations), workplace health and safety, social impacts, trade and export, corporations, competition, access to infrastructure, foreign investment, and taxation. Some operations are conducted under specific agreements with respective governments and associated acts of parliament but unilateral variations could diminish or even remove such rights. Evolving regulatory standards can result in increased litigation and/or increased costs, all of which can have an adverse effect on Rio Tintos earnings and cash flows. Risk associated with fluctuations in exchange rates:Rio Tinto is exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. The majority of the groups sales are denominated in US dollars. The group also finances its operations and holds surplus cash pri marily in US dollars. Given the dominant role of the US dollar in the groups operations, it is the currency in which its results are presented both internally and externally. The group also incurs costs in US dollars but significant costs are influenced by the local currencies of the territories in which its ore reserves and other assets are located. These currencies are principally the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and Euro. The groups normal policy is not to enter into hedging arrangements relating to changes or fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As a result, if there is an appreciation in the value of these currencies against the US dollar or prolonged periods of exchange rate volatility, these changes may have a negative impact on the groups results of operations. Conclusion Action Plan: With all its experiences in the field of exploration Rio Tinto is capable of expanding its business in Afghanistan and China . It needs to carry out proper CAGE analysis and SWOT analysis to decide about the right strategies to be adopted. With proper understanding on the cultural environment and adopting the right product marketing strategies Grupo Bimbo can grow in Brazil and China to strengthen its global presence. In this case analysis we presented how the challenges in Brazil and US can be addressed by the Grupo Bimbo using the analytical tools. Based on the analysis, we recommend that GB can enter in to both China and Brazilian market with different strategic approaches given in the case analysis.

Analysis Of Christopher Mccandless s Into The Wild

Allen Primack Mr. Devinney American Lit 1st Hour Outside Novel Essay Option #2:: 5/4/2016 Christopher McCandless ­ an adventurous, curious, unsettled, isolated, and unheard of young man, who is very deserving of reader’s sympathy Imagine being separated from society and the outside world, left along soul searching in the wilderness, with limited resources and constantly living upon uncharted territories. A similar experience actually occurred in real life , and hence a fantastic novel was born by the story of a young man with a seemingly bright future, who soon endured the journey of a lifetime. The well known novel â€Å"Into the Wild† by Jon Krakauer is based on the true story of Christopher McCandless, a young man from a wealthy family in the Eastern United States, who, after graduating from Emory University, donated all his available money to charity and embarked on a trip through the American West under the surname Alexander Supertramp. Two years later, McCandless was found dead in the desolation of Alaska. This discovery triggered a spectacular piece of investigative journalism that is analyzed in American Literature classes throughout the country. Krakauer, the author of the novel, begins telling the tale of how a group of wandering explorers found dead a boy on a bus in the wilderness. As the book progresses, the story of Christopher McCandless, the young man who decided to leave society and civilization, to embark on what must have been the adventure of a lifetime, isShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild2135 Words   |  9 Pages In Into the Wild, Christopher McCandless (man) tried to exist as one with nature but finds through his journeys that nature is a force that will test men relentlessly, especially men who are unprepared. Nature is one of the world’s greatest marvels. McCandless understood that and chose nature over civilization. He believed civilization was a plague and there was only one way to cure that plague. That was to become one with nature . The background information of this essay will explore the needRead MoreExistentialism : Wild ( 2014 ) And Into The Wild1739 Words   |  7 Pages Existentialism: Wild(2014) and Into the Wild(2007) For this paper, both movies used to explain Existentialism are adapted from real stories. The first film is Wild, starring Reese Witherspoon as Cheryl Strayed and the second is Into the Wild, starring Emile Hirsch as Christopher McCandless. In Sartre’s definition of existentialism, human existence precedes essence, therefore leading to meaning, purpose and identity. When Chris and Cheryl leave their family, friends and everything else they knowRead MoreExistentialism : Wild ( 2014 ) And Into The Wild1779 Words   |  8 Pages Existentialism: Wild(2014) and Into the Wild (2007) For this paper, both movies used to explain Existentialism are adapted from real stories. The first film is Wild, starring Reese Witherspoon as Cheryl Strayed and the second is into the Wild, starring Emile Hirsch as Christopher McCandless. In Sartre’s definition of existentialism, human existence precedes essence, therefore leading to meaning, purpose and identity. When Chris and Cheryl leave their family, friends and everything else they knowRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel

Seventeenth Century Fashion free essay sample

Argues that fashion styles reflect the spirit of an era. Examines the fashion of the 17th century to reveal the attitudes prevailing social concepts held by the people of the time. Fashion reflects the spirit of the time, and an examination of the fashion of a given era should reveal certain attitudes and prevailing social concepts held by the people of that time. The fashion of the Seventeenth Century reflects the spirit of the age, a period of change, with political and social shifts that are reflected as well in the way fashion developed for both men and women. Davenport (1948) notes a number of the major shifts taking place during the Seventeenth Century. She notes that this was a period of alteration and realignment as royal prerogative gained over feudal power so that the lords responsibility for his people was weakened, shifting responsibility to the people themselves to a much greater degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Seventeenth Century Fashion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was the era of the rise of new types of guild. The old, vertically-composed craft..

Importance of Making Appointments free essay sample

Making a scheduled appointment on time is very important. It is ones responsible as an adult to be able to fulfill his or her obligations, and if for some reason those obligations can not be filled then it is up to that individual to take the necessary steps to cancel that appointment, 24 hours in advance if possible. As a soldier, the Army pays for the appointments we make, and by missing an appointment we are costing the Army money. Missing an appointment also affects your health care provider and your battle buddies. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Making Appointments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When an appointment is missed and is not properly cancelled, the health care provider is left with an empty time slot that another soldier could have taken full advantage of, especially if their situation is worse off then your own. This shows a lack of respect not only for your physician, dentist, or whomever, it also shows a lack of care for the health and well being of your battle buddies. Appointments scheduled while a soldier is on leave seem to be the most common reasons for missed appointments. Not only is scheduling an appointment during your leave dates a bad idea; it heightens your chances of missing that appointment greatly. If for some reason you do have an appointment scheduled while on leave, make sure that you always have some way to remind yourself if you think you may not be able to make it. Calendars, cell phones, and written notes are all useful ways to help keep that appointment fresh in your mind. While on leave you should known well over 24 hours in advance whether or not u will make your scheduled appointment, so the necessary phone calls should be made to re open that time slot for another soldier. Another important step in keeping up with appointments if you really feel like u need help remembering is making your chain of command aware of all of your scheduled appointment. Your first line supervisor should be the first person informed of your scheduled appointment, this way not only are you aware of the appointment but so is he or she. Something as simple as this can be the difference between being 10 minutes prior to your appoint, running late for your appointment, or missing it completely. Your first line supervisors are there to help and guide you, use that to your advantage is you are having trouble keeping up with scheduled appointments. Everyone makes mistakes from time to time; it is a part of life. It is about how you can learn from those mistakes and prevent yourself from making the same one twice. While missing a scheduled appointment shows irresponsibility and carelessness, it is a mistake that anyone can make. But, once that mistake has been made it is up to the individual to take the necessary steps to ensure that it does not happen again. Appointments cost the Army money, and missing those appointments shows a disservice to the Army, your battle buddies, and yourself.

International Law and Emirati Law

Relation between International Law and Emirati Law concerning International Dispute Settlement Both International law and Emirati law advocate for diplomacy during resolution of disputes. According to the Emirati law, disputes are generally solved through direct negotiation and settlement among the parties involved after they have concluded a substantive contract that regulates their substantive rights and an arbitration contract that acts as a means for resolving the dispute that arises from the substantive agreement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Law and Emirati Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two contracts are supposed to be attached to each other before submission to the civil or arbitration courts. Nevertheless, for the case of Emirati law, several Sharia core principles are applied during the resolution of business disputes. For instance, the risks and benefits between the investors should be shared in an amount that is proportional to their initial investment. Both contracts by the parties must be signed with complete certainty or knowledge of terms between the two parties. Besides, the parties must also assume or possess the required legal responsibility to comprehend the obligations contained in the contracts. The Emirati law requires all the parties involved to enter into the contract after consenting to the terms without any coercion or compulsion (Khedr, 2010). In international law, similar principles apply during the signing of agreements between two parties. For instance, both parties share the accrued risks involved in the business, depending on their initial investment. The parties should have full knowledge of the arbitration agreements signed with no evidence of coercion. They should also bear legal responsibilities during the signing of the arbitration agreement. The international law also provides that the dispute shall be provided by th e domestic court or through an arbitral tribunal (Berger, 2006). Therefore, the International and the Emirati laws can be regarded as complimentary when it comes to promoting dialogue and negotiation in cases of arbitration. They provide room for fair terms of agreement among the parties involved. Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic Relations and Consular Relations Arrest of Diplomats The Diplomat has immunity to his or her arrest or detention with limited exception as it is witnessed in the case of drunk driving or after invocation of this right by the sending state. Hence, the Diplomat cannot be prosecuted in a civil or criminal court since this move is prohibited. The family members who are considered part of the Diplomat’s household are also protected under similar terms and conditions. Tax Provisions for Diplomats Diplomatic agents benefit from exemption of direct taxes except few indirect taxes such as prices of products, taxes from inheritance, and taxes that accrue from private real estate. These benefits extend to the Diplomat’s family members who are considered part of his or her household with the condition that they are not citizens of the receiving state.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The technical and administrative staffs of the Diplomat, with their families, are also exempted from paying tax in the event that they are not citizens of the receiving state. In addition, servants who are members of the Diplomat’s mission and/or are not nationals are also exempted, but only limited to taxes on their salaries (Lang, 2012). Freedom of Communication In accordance with the principle contained in Article 27, Diplomats should not be subjected to restrictions in their movement and communication such as entry into prohibited zones. In this regard, the receiving state shall permit and ensure that the free communicatio n on the part of the ambassadorial mission is protected. In addition, this clause provides that the sending state has a mandate to employ any appropriate means such as sending of diplomatic messages in codes. However, before the installation and use of a wireless transmitter, the sending state shall inform and receive consent from the receiving state (O’Brien, 2001). Reference List Berger, K. (2006). Private dispute resolution in international business. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Khedr, A. (2010). A Guide to United Arab Emirates Legal System – GlobaLex. Nyulawglobal.org. Retrieved from https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/United_Arab_Emirates.html Lang, M. (2012). Tax rules in non-tax agreements. Malaysia: IBFD. O’Brien, J. (2001). International law. London: Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Law and Emirati Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on International Law and Emirati Law was written and submitted by user Conor Richmond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best Speeches from Shakespeares Henry V

The Best Speeches from Shakespeares Henry V As it has been argued that, among the best Shakespeare plays, the Henriad (a four-play cycle containing Richard II, Henry IV Parts One and Two, and Henry V) is the crowning achievement of the Immortal Bards incredible career. There are many reasons why fans laud  the Henry plays above the others, including the remarkable character arc; the astute blend of humor, history, and family drama; and the awesome array of battle scenes. For fans of Henry V, another reason to admire this work is that it contains some of the most powerful monologues in the English language. Listed below are three of the best speeches delivered by King Henry: Once More Unto the Breach In this scene, Henry V and his small band of English soldiers have been battling the French. Theyve gotten roughed up pretty good, and some of them are ready to give up, but when Henry delivers this motivational speech, they take charge once more and win the day. Note that, contrary to a common misconception, the first line of this speech is not Once more into the breach. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;Or close the wall up with our English dead.In peace theres nothing so becomes a manAs modest stillness and humility:But when the blast of war blows in our ears,Then imitate the action of the tiger;Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,Disguise fair nature with hard-favourd rage;Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;Let pry through the portage of the headLike the brass cannon; let the brow oerwhelm itAs fearfully as doth a galled rockOerhang and jutty his confounded base,Swilld with the wild and wasteful ocean.Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide,Hold hard the breath and bend up every spiritTo his full height. On, on, you noblest English.Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!Fathers that, like so many Alexanders,Have in these parts from morn till even foughtAnd sheathed their swords for lack of argument:Dishonour not your mothers; now attestThat those whom you calld fathers did beget you.Be copy now to men of grosser blood,And teach them how to war. And you, good yeoman,Whose limbs were made in England, show us hereThe mettle of your pasture; let us swearThat you are worth your breeding; which I doubt not;For there is none of you so mean and base,That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,Straining upon the start. The games afoot:Follow your spirit, and upon this chargeCry God for Harry, England, and Saint George! Upon the King The night before the most monumental battle in the play, Henry looks upon his sleeping soldiers and contrasts a kings life of pomp and ceremony with the emotional life of a commoner. Upon the king! let us our lives, our souls,Our debts, our careful wives,Our children and our sins lay on the king!We must bear all. O hard condition,Twin-born with greatness, subject to the breathOf every fool, whose sense no more can feelBut his own wringing! What infinite hearts-easeMust kings neglect, that private men enjoy!And what have kings, that privates have not too,Save ceremony, save general ceremony?And what art thou, thou idle ceremony?What kind of god art thou, that sufferst moreOf mortal griefs than do thy worshippers?What are thy rents? what are thy comings in?O ceremony, show me but thy worth!What is thy soul of adoration?Art thou aught else but place, degree and form,Creating awe and fear in other men?Wherein thou art less happy being feardThan they in fearing.What drinkst thou oft, instead of homage sweet,But poisond flattery? O, be sick, great greatness,And bid thy ceremony give thee cure!Thinkst thou the fiery fever will go outWith titles blown from adulation?Will it give place to flexure and low bending?Canst thou, when thou commandst the beggars knee,Command the health of it? No, thou proud dream,That playst so subtly with a kings repose;I am a king that find thee, and I knowTis not the balm, the sceptre and the ball,The sword, the mace, the crown imperial,The intertissued robe of gold and pearl,The farced title running fore the king,The throne he sits on, nor the tide of pompThat beats upon the high shore of this world,No, not all these, thrice-gorgeous ceremony,Not all these, laid in bed majestical,Can sleep so soundly as the wretched slave,Who with a body filld and vacant mindGets him to rest, crammd with distressful bread;Never sees horrid night, the child of hell,But, like a lackey, from the rise to setSweats in the eye of Phoebus and all nightSleeps in Elysium; next day after dawn,Doth rise and help Hyperion to his horse,And follows so the ever-running year,With profitable labour, to his grave:And, but for ceremony, such a wretch,Win ding up days with toil and nights with sleep,Had the fore-hand and vantage of a king.The slave, a member of the countrys peace,Enjoys it; but in gross brain little wotsWhat watch the king keeps to maintain the peace,Whose hours the peasant best advantages. St. Crispins Day Speech This is the most famous monologue from Henry V, and with good reason. These inspiring lines are delivered to the rabble of brave English soldiers who are about to go into battle (the famous Battle of Agincourt) against thousands of French knights. Outnumbered, the soldiers wish they had more men to fight, but Henry V interrupts them, declaring that they have just enough men to make history. Whats he that wishes so?My cousin Westmoreland? No, my fair cousin;If we are markd to die, we are enowTo do our country loss; and if to live,The fewer men, the greater share of honor.Gods will! I pray thee, wish not one man more.By Jove, I am not covetous for gold,Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost;It yearns me not if men my garments wear;Such outward things dwell not in my desires.But if it be a sin to covet honor,I am the most offending soul alive.No, faith, my coz, wish not a man from England.Gods peace! I would not lose so great an honorAs one man more methinks would share from meFor the best hope I have. O, do not wish one more!Rather proclaim it, Westmoreland, through my host,That he which hath no stomach to this fight,Let him depart; his passport shall be made,And crowns for convoy put into his purse;We would not die in that mans companyThat fears his fellowship to die with us.This day is calld the feast of Crispian.He that outlives this day, and comes safe home,Will stand a tip-toe when this day is namd,And rouse him at the name of Crispian.He that shall live this day, and see old age,Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors,And say To-morrow is Saint Crispian.Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars,And say These wounds I had on Crispians day.Old men forget; yet all shall be forgot,But hell remember, with advantages,What feats he did that day. Then shall our names,Familiar in his mouth as household words-Harry the King, Bedford and Exeter,Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester-Be in their flowing cups freshly remembred.This story shall the good man teach his son;And Crispin Crispian shall neer go by,From this day to the ending of the world,But we in it shall be remembered-We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;For he to-day that sheds his blood with meShall be my brother; be he neer so vile,This day shall gentle his condition;And gentlemen in England now-a-bedShall think themselves accursd they were not here,And hold their manho ods cheap whiles any speaksThat fought with us upon Saint Crispins day.

An Analysis of the Juvenile Justice System Research Paper

An Analysis of the Juvenile Justice System - Research Paper Example Because many commonalities are shared by the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems, it is often easy to confuse the overall goals and mechanisms which drive them. The most notable contrast between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system is the fact that the juvenile justice system has it its core the goal and desire to rehabilitate the offender rather than merely punish him/her for the crime. Because of the varying degrees of compatibility and comparison between the two systems, this analysis will examine Supreme Court rulings in order to show a pattern of differentiation and evolution of juvenile justice over time. 1 In re Winship 397 U.S. 358, 90 S.Ct. 1068 (1970) The first case in question is case 397 U.S. 358 (In re Winship). The case revolved around a 12 year old who was charged with stealing money from a woman’s purse inside a store. Although the defendant was seen running from the scene, the Supreme Court determined that the preponderance of evidence alone was not sufficient to convict the juvenile of the crime; instead, the court ruling upheld that juvenile justice cases must be held to the same rigor that traditional criminal justice cases are in that it must be proved beyond â€Å"reasonable doubt† that the accused was guilty. ... need not operate under the same standards of law that applied to adult courts because the juvenile justice system was intended to save rather than to punish. Rather, the Supreme Court sided with the defense and ruled that proof beyond reasonable doubt as well as the existence of a preponderance of evidence was necessary to adjudicate cases within the juvenile justice system. To an extent, this case further restricted the existing juvenile justice system. Prior to this precedent, the juvenile justice system was not beholden to many of the guiding standards that affected traditional criminal cases. As a result, the juvenile justice system encouraged an judicial atmosphere of â€Å"make it up as you go along†. Unfortunately, this type of attitude did not lend itself to the appropriate dispensation of justice. Judges were taking liberties with the notion that they were responsible for saving the accused youth; thereby encouraging the judges to err on the side of caution when handi ng down sentences in the hopes that they might reform an errant youth. Although the Supreme Court upheld the right of the juvenile justice courts to correct the youth as well as punish them, the constraints of how the judges were to go about â€Å"correcting† the youth was significantly altered. 2 McKeiver v. Pennsylvania 403 U.S. 528, 91 S.Ct. 1976 (1971) In much the same vein, 403 U.S. 528 worked to create further delineations of due process within the juvenile justice system. The case regarded a 16 year old boy who was charged with robbery, larceny, and the receipt of stolen property. The case hinged upon the fact that the youth was only provided with a few moments to meet with his attorney prior to going before the judge. Because of the overall lack of legal defense preparedness, the